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A 2009 Prescription for Venture Capital & Private Equity

January 6th, 2009 | No Comments | Posted in Management, Product Management, Venture Capital

Some grim, but not too surprising news to start 2009 with:

  • “The swashbuckling risk takers in venture capital have been laying giant eggs for a decade. Could this finally be Sand Hill Road’s day of reckoning?” Forbes’ Rebecca Buckman’s Venture Capital’s Coming Collapse.
  • In “the fourth quarter alone, when there were no IPOs, and M&As only generated $3.9 billion – the lowest amount in a single quarter since 1999. Meanwhile, the $551 million earned from IPOs during all of 2008 marks a drop of more than 90 percent from 2007, and is the lowest total since VentureSource started tracking this data in 1992″ Venture Beat’s Anthony Ha’s Worst Venture Liquidity in Five Years.
  • Bankruptcies of private equity backed firms were once an unheard of event since they threatened a firm’s ability to raise more debt for subsequent deals. As Erin Griffith from PEHub recently reported there were only two LBO-backed company bankruptcies in 2007. In 2008 there were 49. Click here to see the entire list.
  • Even the infamous Sequoia Capital has a rather grim outlook for their portfolio companies, as evidenced by the now Internet-famous R.I.P. Good Times presentation.

So what should venture capital and private equity firms do with their portfolios of technology investments that have no viable exit scenarios?  Here’s a three step prescription with a cautionary note chaser.

1.  Honestly Assess the Prospects for Each Portfolio Company

This prescription begins with an honest assessment of each portfolio company’s prospects for achieving the original investment thesis that they were originally funded under.  It should be pretty easy to bin each company into one of the following categories:

  • A. Still Got A Chance. The company has gotten solid traction in their marketplace and given time will execute to the potential the investors originally hoped for.
  • B. Missed the Boat. The company had a good start and has built up a decent customer base, but their prospects for sustained revenue growth have dimmed. While the company may be cash flow positive and profitable it will never achieve the success or exit the investors had hoped for.
  • C. On Life Support. The company is burning cash at an alarming rate and insolvency is less than 5 quarters away.

2.  Bring Back the Consolidators. 

For portfolio companies in the B & C categories consider creating a portfolio consolidation company.  In the 1980s and 1990s some of the key players in the technology marketplace were consolidators – companies like Computer Associates, Sterling Software, and Platinum Technology.  These companies succeeded in generating significant profits and cash flows from ‘mature’ businesses.  They did this by aggressively consolidating common functions like finance, administration, marketing, customer service, legal, and HR.  Additionally they typically leveraged a common, ‘right-sized’ sales force that focused first on maintaining and expanding revenues from existing customers and secondly on winning new business.  While the consolidators never had great public equity valuations, their owners (Charles Wang, Sam Wyly, ‘Flip’ Filipowski, etc.) were able to extract significant returns over the years.

Portfolio companies that ‘Missed the Boat’ or on ‘Life Support’ still have value.  They have customers, revenue streams, intellectual property, management teams, and dedicated employees.  They simply don’t have the potential for an IPO or a high valuation M&A exit.  So instead of hoping that a miracle will occur or that a strategic acquirer will pop out of the woodwork investors should find another way to monetize their investment.  Forming a portfolio consolidation company and consolidating companies into it provides a mechanism to do just that.  A portfolio consolidation company may have flat to declining revenues, but should be able to produce between 25% to 35%+ EBITDA margins.  The excess cash flow can then be returned to the investors as dividends or re-invested in new opportunities (more on that later).  Additionally, if the debt markets ever return the investors could re-cap the portfolio consolidation company and pay themselves a nice dividend.  While it is unreasonable to expect that we’ll ever see 6x to 9x leverage ratios again, a 3x leverage ratio could represent a significant payout for investors who have yet to see a dime on their investment.

3. Make Some Skunk Works Investments.

One of the challenges of the portfolio company strategy involves senior management.  Some executives have the mindset and experience to successfully manage a ‘mature’ company – others don’t.  Dyed in the wool entrepreneurs and visionaries rarely survive in a ‘consolidation environment’.  Rather than part ways with these executives who you already know and have invested in, investors should consider forming small startup ventures funded by the excess cash flow from the portfolio consolidation company.  Launching a new product or service in 2009 is fundamentally different that it was in the 1990s or even in 2005.  The scale, maturity, and variety of SaaS infrastructure / open source platforms are tremendous.  Entrepreneurs can ‘win fast / fail fast’ – they don’t have to spend hundreds of thousands of dollars building infrastructure – they can focus on feature/function/value add right out of the gate.  Providing your entrepreneurially minded CEOs and senior executives with a go forward option is a win-win for everyone. 

A Cautionary Note

While the concept of a portfolio consolidation company is simple, its implementation is fraught with risks and conflicts.  Interestingly enough the operational side of forming and running a portfolio consolidation company is pretty straight forward.  There are plenty of examples and best practices that can be used.  There are also plenty of operating executives who have a long and successful track record.  The real challenge is getting the investors to agree and execute on such a strategy.

In the private equity world it is not too unusual for a PE firm to be the exclusive investor in their portfolio companies; however, the majority of portfolio companies have multiple investors.  In the venture capital world it is almost a given that a portfolio company will have multiple investors.  Getting all of the investors in a given company to agree on a consolidation strategy is one thing.  Getting them to agree on how their investment should be valued when the portfolio company is formed is another.  Getting them to agree on how the proceeds or value from the consolidation company should be distributed is something entirely different.  Investors often assume the worst about their ‘partners’ in deals that have not gone well.  They suspect that any proposal offered by another investor has some ulterior motive that will undoubtedly provide more benefit to the partner than it will to their firm. 

Smart investors will find a way to overcome these obvious and predictable challenges.  One thing is certain, as time passes portfolio companies that were binned into the ‘Missed the Boat’ and ‘On Life Support’ categories will continue to decline in value.  In these troubled economic times now is the time to take bold action.

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