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Could Someone Please Get Robert Scoble to Pee in a in a Cup . . . Twitter can’t be worth $5 billion

September 4th, 2009 | 1 Comment | Posted in Financial Literacy, Management, Social Media, Venture Capital

Update.  About 10 days after I wrote this post, TechCrunch reported that Twitter was close to raising another $50 million in funding from NYC-based Insight Venture Partners.  The post money valuation is reported to be around $1 billion.  So I guess that neither Mr. Scoble nor I was correct, but I feel I should get the prize for being the closest without going over.

I had to chuckle the other day when I read a post entitled “Why Twitter is underhyped and is probably worth five to 10 billion dollars” by the infamous Robert Scoble.  I am somewhat of a student of technology company valuations.  While Twitter may someday be worth $5 billion, it’s not going to be any time soon.  If Mr. Scoble thinks they are worth $5 billion then perhaps he might need to take a drug test since there is no way that Twitter is worth $5 billion today or even next year.

The best way to gauge the value of a company is to look at what how the markets value a company’s stock.  For private, venture backed companies like Twitter there is no daily market for their stock, but we can look at publicly traded technology companies to get a feel for how the real world values them.  Later in this post we’ll take a look at how the market values technology companies and see how Twitter stacks up.  First, let’s take a look at Mr. Scoble’s ideas about why Twitter is worth $5 to $10 billion.

 “The experiences I’m having with business owners in every city makes me understand some things:

1. Twitter has taken over the business world and this should be very worrying for other companies like Google, Yelp, Facebook, Microsoft, Yahoo and others.

2. Twitter is underhyped. I’m now convinced that Twitter has locked up a whole raft of businesses and that Twitter is actually worth five to 10 billion dollars.

3. Silicon Valley tech bloggers haven’t yet put together this pattern, other than by watching traffic numbers which continue to zoom up. Why? Because most of them don’t travel very often and don’t actually meet with real businesses like restaurants or like the Fiat/Yamaha racing team I’m hanging out with this weekend. When race fans and companies that serve them are excited about Twitter you know the world has shifted.

4. A new understanding of Twitter by businesses is now here, thanks to a raft of new books like Chris Brogan’s Trust Agents or Shel Israel’s Twitterville.

5. Businesses are seeing real ROI but aren’t sharing that publicly and, really, they don’t have much else that is working to reach the richest and most educated customers.

6. In each city there are a core group of Twitter evangelists that aren’t pushing anything else to their businesses. In Hollywood one of these evangelists, who wants to remain unknown so asked me to keep his name off of the blog, took me to a set where they were shooting Criminal Minds (you can see my interview with the director of photography here) and while there this guy told me why celebrities won’t use anything but Twitter. Other services are too hard for the celebrities to use, particularly from their mobile phones. I’ve been using the new Facebook app on my iPhone, but it has some severe limitations for businesses and celebrities which I’ll go into later. Because these influencers aren’t pushing anything else, nothing else will get adopted.

7. Facebook wants into this market (and so do others) but they aren’t understanding what makes Twitter attractive to businesses.

. . .But, Scoble, I don’t see how Twitter will make money,” I can also hear you saying. Here’s the rub, when you have every business in the world hot and bothered about using your service, which Twitter is heading toward VERY QUICKLY then you’ll be able to make money. How? Charge for business services. I know businesses would pay for better analytics. Better hooks into their lead generation engines. Better team collaboration services like TweetRiver, which is what we use at Rackspace to manage our Twitter accounts. And more features. How much would they pay? Many businesses would pay a hundred a month, maybe even more.”

Public companies are typically valued using the fair value method.  According to Wikipedia “The most theoretically sound stock valuation method, called income valuation or the discounted cash flow (DCF) method, involves discounting of the profits (dividends, earnings, or cash flows) the stock will bring to the stockholder in the foreseeable future, and a final value on disposition. The discounted rate normally includes a risk premium which is commonly based on the capital asset pricing model.”  In other words, stocks are valued based on the future financial returns the company can generate.  In the case of technology companies valuations are based on a few basic factors like revenues, revenue growth rates, profits, and profit growth rate.  Companies with large revenues that are growing quickly are significantly more valuable than companies with flat or declining revenues. 

To put the valuation of Twitter in context let’s take a look at the public technology company valuation landscape.  There are about 600 publicly traded technology companies on American stock exchanges.  Out of those 600 companies, there are about 98 of them that have enterprise values of greater than $5 billion.  Enterprise Value is a better metric to value companies than market cap since it takes into consideration a company’s cash, debt, and preferred shares.  Let’s take a look at a few high flying tech companies’ valuation metrics:

 tv1

As you can see, companies that have strong revenue growth (Google, Salesforce.com, and Red Hat) command strong valuations.  Their Enterprise Value/Revenue Multiples are greater than 5, in comparison to slower growing firms like Microsoft and Yahoo.  Facebook’s valuation is estimated to be $10 billion based on their latest round of funding.

Twitter, on the other hand, has not generated any revenues or profits yet.  So it’s hard to estimate what their valuation could be.  Thanks to TechCrunch publishing a bunch of leaked internal Twitter management documents, we could use Twitter management’s financial projections to make a rough estimate of Twitter’s value.  According to one of the documents published by TechCrunch, Twitter estimates that they will generate $4.4 million in revenues in 2009, and a whopping $140 million in 2010.  Here’s a look at Twitter’s 2009 and 2010 financial projections:

 tv2

I won’t comment on the feasibility of Twitter increasing their revenues 31-fold over the course of a single year.  If we apply the valuation metrics of the companies described earlier in this post, Twitter’s valuation could look something like this:

 tv3

As you can see there’s a little bit of a difference between how the market values public companies than how Mr. Scoble approaches the same exercise.  To get to a $5 billion valuation at the end of 2010 Twitter would have to be six times more valuable than Google.  Somehow I find that proposition to be a bit difficult to swallow.

At the end of the day this is just an interesting academic exercise.  There is no doubt that Twitter is one of the most interesting technology companies in the market today.  Their explosive growth is undeniable as is the fact that Twitter has become woven into the fabric of today’s Internet-enabled society (the Iranian election was proof of that).  I wish Ev and the Twitter team well and look forward to seeing how they end up monetizing their platform.

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One Response to “Could Someone Please Get Robert Scoble to Pee in a in a Cup . . . Twitter can’t be worth $5 billion”

  1. Mark Borkowski Says:

    Exceptional article.

    Like you, I have conducted numerous valuations and company sales of technology companies. I would like Mr. Scoble to not only to pee in a cup and take a drug test, but also provide some rationale on his comments regarding Twitter. He is so far off the mark, I can no longer take anything Mr. Scoble says seriously.

    Mark Borkowski, pres.
    Mercantile Mergers & Acquisitions Corp
    I King Street West, Suite 714
    Toronto, Ontario
    M5H 1A1
    (416) 368-8466 ext. 232
    mark@mercantilema.com

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